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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="The error type for I/O operations of the `Read`, `Write`, `Seek`, and associated traits."><title>Error in futures::io - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-ac92e1bbe349e143.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="futures" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.76.0 (07dca489a 2024-02-04)" data-channel="1.76.0" data-search-js="search-2b6ce74ff89ae146.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-f2adc0d6ca4d09fb.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-305769736d49e732.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-feafe1bb7466e4bd.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle">&#9776;</button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../futures/index.html">futures</a><span class="version">0.3.28</span></h2></div><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Error</a></h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><section><h3><a href="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><ul class="block method"><li><a href="#method.downcast">downcast</a></li><li><a href="#method.from_raw_os_error">from_raw_os_error</a></li><li><a href="#method.get_mut">get_mut</a></li><li><a href="#method.get_ref">get_ref</a></li><li><a href="#method.into_inner">into_inner</a></li><li><a href="#method.kind">kind</a></li><li><a href="#method.last_os_error">last_os_error</a></li><li><a href="#method.new">new</a></li><li><a href="#method.other">other</a></li><li><a href="#method.raw_os_error">raw_os_error</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block trait-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Debug-for-Error">Debug</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Display-for-Error">Display</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Error-for-Error">Error</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CErrorKind%3E-for-Error">From&lt;ErrorKind&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-Error">From&lt;IntoInnerError&lt;W&gt;&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-Error">From&lt;NulError&gt;</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block synthetic-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-Error">!RefUnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-Error">!UnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Send-for-Error">Send</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Sync-for-Error">Sync</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-Error">Unpin</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block blanket-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Any-for-T">Any</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T">Borrow&lt;T&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T">BorrowMut&lt;T&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T">From&lt;T&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T">Into&lt;U&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-ToString-for-T">ToString</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T">TryFrom&lt;U&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T">TryInto&lt;U&gt;</a></li></ul></section><h2><a href="index.html">In futures::io</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../futures/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press S to search, ? for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Struct <a href="../index.html">futures</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">io</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href="#">Error</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.0.0">1.0.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#67">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub struct Error { <span class="comment">/* private fields */</span> }</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>The error type for I/O operations of the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read"><code>Read</code></a>, <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write"><code>Write</code></a>, <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/io/trait.Seek.html" title="trait std::io::Seek"><code>Seek</code></a>, and
associated traits.</p>
<p>Errors mostly originate from the underlying OS, but custom instances of
<code>Error</code> can be created with crafted error messages and a particular value of
<a href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind"><code>ErrorKind</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><h2 id="implementations" class="section-header">Implementations<a href="#implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#487">source</a><a href="#impl-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.new" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#515-517">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new" class="fn">new</a>&lt;E&gt;(kind: <a class="enum" href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind">ErrorKind</a>, error: E) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a><div class="where">where
E: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a>&lt;dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>&gt;&gt;,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new I/O error from a known kind of error as well as an
arbitrary error payload.</p>
<p>This function is used to generically create I/O errors which do not
originate from the OS itself. The <code>error</code> argument is an arbitrary
payload which will be contained in this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a>.</p>
<p>Note that this function allocates memory on the heap.
If no extra payload is required, use the <code>From</code> conversion from
<code>ErrorKind</code>.</p>
<h5 id="examples"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="comment">// errors can be created from strings
</span><span class="kw">let </span>custom_error = Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>);
<span class="comment">// errors can also be created from other errors
</span><span class="kw">let </span>custom_error2 = Error::new(ErrorKind::Interrupted, custom_error);
<span class="comment">// creating an error without payload (and without memory allocation)
</span><span class="kw">let </span>eof_error = Error::from(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.other" class="method"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.74.0">1.74.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#540-542">source</a></span><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.other" class="fn">other</a>&lt;E&gt;(error: E) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a><div class="where">where
E: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a>&lt;dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>&gt;&gt;,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new I/O error from an arbitrary error payload.</p>
<p>This function is used to generically create I/O errors which do not
originate from the OS itself. It is a shortcut for <a href="struct.Error.html#method.new" title="associated function futures::io::Error::new"><code>Error::new</code></a>
with <a href="enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Other" title="variant futures::io::ErrorKind::Other"><code>ErrorKind::Other</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-1"><a href="#examples-1">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::Error;
<span class="comment">// errors can be created from strings
</span><span class="kw">let </span>custom_error = Error::other(<span class="string">"oh no!"</span>);
<span class="comment">// errors can also be created from other errors
</span><span class="kw">let </span>custom_error2 = Error::other(custom_error);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.last_os_error" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#590">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.last_os_error" class="fn">last_os_error</a>() -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns an error representing the last OS error which occurred.</p>
<p>This function reads the value of <code>errno</code> for the target platform (e.g.
<code>GetLastError</code> on Windows) and will return a corresponding instance of
<a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> for the error code.</p>
<p>This should be called immediately after a call to a platform function,
otherwise the state of the error value is indeterminate. In particular,
other standard library functions may call platform functions that may
(or may not) reset the error value even if they succeed.</p>
<h5 id="examples-2"><a href="#examples-2">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::Error;
<span class="kw">let </span>os_error = Error::last_os_error();
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"last OS error: {os_error:?}"</span>);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from_raw_os_error" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#622">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.from_raw_os_error" class="fn">from_raw_os_error</a>(code: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new instance of an <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> from a particular OS error code.</p>
<h5 id="examples-3"><a href="#examples-3">Examples</a></h5>
<p>On Linux:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
<span class="kw">let </span>error = io::Error::from_raw_os_error(<span class="number">22</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput);</code></pre></div>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
<span class="kw">let </span>error = io::Error::from_raw_os_error(<span class="number">10022</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.raw_os_error" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#658">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.raw_os_error" class="fn">raw_os_error</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the OS error that this error represents (if any).</p>
<p>If this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> was constructed via <a href="struct.Error.html#method.last_os_error" title="associated function futures::io::Error::last_os_error"><code>last_os_error</code></a> or
<a href="struct.Error.html#method.from_raw_os_error" title="associated function futures::io::Error::from_raw_os_error"><code>from_raw_os_error</code></a>, then this function will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.Some" title="variant core::option::Option::Some"><code>Some</code></a>, otherwise
it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None" title="variant core::option::Option::None"><code>None</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-4"><a href="#examples-4">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">fn </span>print_os_error(err: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error) {
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(raw_os_err) = err.raw_os_error() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"raw OS error: {raw_os_err:?}"</span>);
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Not an OS error"</span>);
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="comment">// Will print "raw OS error: ...".
</span>print_os_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error::last_os_error());
<span class="comment">// Will print "Not an OS error".
</span>print_os_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>));
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.get_ref" class="method"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.3.0">1.3.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#697">source</a></span><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.get_ref" class="fn">get_ref</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;(dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static)&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns a reference to the inner error wrapped by this error (if any).</p>
<p>If this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> was constructed via <a href="struct.Error.html#method.new" title="associated function futures::io::Error::new"><code>new</code></a> then this function will
return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.Some" title="variant core::option::Option::Some"><code>Some</code></a>, otherwise it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None" title="variant core::option::Option::None"><code>None</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-5"><a href="#examples-5">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">fn </span>print_error(err: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error) {
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(inner_err) = err.get_ref() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Inner error: {inner_err:?}"</span>);
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"No inner error"</span>);
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="comment">// Will print "No inner error".
</span>print_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error::last_os_error());
<span class="comment">// Will print "Inner error: ...".
</span>print_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>));
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.get_mut" class="method"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.3.0">1.3.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#771">source</a></span><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.get_mut" class="fn">get_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;mut (dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static)&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns a mutable reference to the inner error wrapped by this error
(if any).</p>
<p>If this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> was constructed via <a href="struct.Error.html#method.new" title="associated function futures::io::Error::new"><code>new</code></a> then this function will
return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.Some" title="variant core::option::Option::Some"><code>Some</code></a>, otherwise it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None" title="variant core::option::Option::None"><code>None</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-6"><a href="#examples-6">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">use </span>std::{error, fmt};
<span class="kw">use </span>std::fmt::Display;
<span class="attr">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">struct </span>MyError {
v: String,
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>MyError {
<span class="kw">fn </span>new() -&gt; MyError {
MyError {
v: <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>.to_string()
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>change_message(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, new_message: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str) {
<span class="self">self</span>.v = new_message.to_string();
}
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>error::Error <span class="kw">for </span>MyError {}
<span class="kw">impl </span>Display <span class="kw">for </span>MyError {
<span class="kw">fn </span>fmt(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, f: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>fmt::Formatter&lt;<span class="lifetime">'_</span>&gt;) -&gt; fmt::Result {
<span class="macro">write!</span>(f, <span class="string">"MyError: {}"</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.v)
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>change_error(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>err: Error) -&gt; Error {
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(inner_err) = err.get_mut() {
inner_err.downcast_mut::&lt;MyError&gt;().unwrap().change_message(<span class="string">"I've been changed!"</span>);
}
err
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>print_error(err: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Error) {
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(inner_err) = err.get_ref() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Inner error: {inner_err}"</span>);
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"No inner error"</span>);
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="comment">// Will print "No inner error".
</span>print_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>change_error(Error::last_os_error()));
<span class="comment">// Will print "Inner error: ...".
</span>print_error(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>change_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, MyError::new())));
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_inner" class="method"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.3.0">1.3.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#810">source</a></span><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.into_inner" class="fn">into_inner</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a>&lt;dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Consumes the <code>Error</code>, returning its inner error (if any).</p>
<p>If this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> was constructed via <a href="struct.Error.html#method.new" title="associated function futures::io::Error::new"><code>new</code></a> then this function will
return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.Some" title="variant core::option::Option::Some"><code>Some</code></a>, otherwise it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None" title="variant core::option::Option::None"><code>None</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-7"><a href="#examples-7">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">fn </span>print_error(err: Error) {
<span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(inner_err) = err.into_inner() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Inner error: {inner_err}"</span>);
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"No inner error"</span>);
}
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="comment">// Will print "No inner error".
</span>print_error(Error::last_os_error());
<span class="comment">// Will print "Inner error: ...".
</span>print_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>));
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.downcast" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#861-863">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.downcast" class="fn">downcast</a>&lt;E&gt;(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a>&lt;E&gt;, <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
E: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab unstable"><span class="emoji">🔬</span><span>This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>io_error_downcast</code>)</span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Attempt to downgrade the inner error to <code>E</code> if any.</p>
<p>If this <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a> was constructed via <a href="struct.Error.html#method.new" title="associated function futures::io::Error::new"><code>new</code></a> then this function will
attempt to perform downgrade on it, otherwise it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err" title="variant core::result::Result::Err"><code>Err</code></a>.</p>
<p>If downgrade succeeds, it will return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Ok" title="variant core::result::Result::Ok"><code>Ok</code></a>, otherwise it will also
return <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err" title="variant core::result::Result::Err"><code>Err</code></a>.</p>
<h5 id="examples-8"><a href="#examples-8">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="attr">#![feature(io_error_downcast)]
</span><span class="kw">use </span>std::fmt;
<span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
<span class="kw">use </span>std::error::Error;
<span class="attr">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">enum </span>E {
Io(io::Error),
SomeOtherVariant,
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>fmt::Display <span class="kw">for </span>E {
<span class="comment">// ...
</span>}
<span class="kw">impl </span>Error <span class="kw">for </span>E {}
<span class="kw">impl </span>From&lt;io::Error&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>E {
<span class="kw">fn </span>from(err: io::Error) -&gt; E {
err.downcast::&lt;E&gt;()
.map(|b| <span class="kw-2">*</span>b)
.unwrap_or_else(E::Io)
}
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.kind" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#910">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.kind" class="fn">kind</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind">ErrorKind</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the corresponding <a href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind"><code>ErrorKind</code></a> for this error.</p>
<p>This may be a value set by Rust code constructing custom <code>io::Error</code>s,
or if this <code>io::Error</code> was sourced from the operating system,
it will be a value inferred from the systems error encoding.
See <a href="struct.Error.html#method.last_os_error" title="associated function futures::io::Error::last_os_error"><code>last_os_error</code></a> for more details.</p>
<h5 id="examples-9"><a href="#examples-9">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">fn </span>print_error(err: Error) {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"{:?}"</span>, err.kind());
}
<span class="kw">fn </span>main() {
<span class="comment">// As no error has (visibly) occurred, this may print anything!
// It likely prints a placeholder for unidentified (non-)errors.
</span>print_error(Error::last_os_error());
<span class="comment">// Will print "AddrInUse".
</span>print_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::AddrInUse, <span class="string">"oh no!"</span>));
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="trait-implementations" class="section-header">Trait Implementations<a href="#trait-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="trait-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Debug-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#72">source</a><a href="#impl-Debug-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fmt" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#73">source</a><a href="#method.fmt" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fn">fmt</a>(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Display-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#951">source</a><a href="#impl-Display-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fmt-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#952">source</a><a href="#method.fmt-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Display.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fn">fmt</a>(&amp;self, fmt: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Display.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Error-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#966">source</a><a href="#impl-Error-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.description" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#968">source</a><a href="#method.description" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.description" class="fn">description</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.str.html">str</a></h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()</span></div></span><div class='docblock'> <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.description">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.cause" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#977">source</a><a href="#method.cause" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.cause" class="fn">cause</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting</span></div></span></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.source" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#986">source</a><a href="#method.source" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.source" class="fn">source</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;(dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + 'static)&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The lower-level source of this error, if any. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.source">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.provide" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/error.rs.html#184">source</a><a href="#method.provide" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.provide" class="fn">provide</a>&lt;'a&gt;(&amp;'a self, request: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/struct.Request.html" title="struct core::error::Request">Request</a>&lt;'a&gt;)</h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab unstable"><span class="emoji">🔬</span><span>This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>error_generic_member_access</code>)</span></div></span><div class='docblock'>Provides type based access to context intended for error reports. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.provide">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CErrorKind%3E-for-Error" class="impl"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.14.0">1.14.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#467">source</a></span><a href="#impl-From%3CErrorKind%3E-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="enum" href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind">ErrorKind</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Intended for use for errors not exposed to the user, where allocating onto
the heap (for normal construction via Error::new) is too costly.</p>
</div><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#482">source</a><a href="#method.from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(kind: <a class="enum" href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind">ErrorKind</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Converts an <a href="enum.ErrorKind.html" title="enum futures::io::ErrorKind"><code>ErrorKind</code></a> into an <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a>.</p>
<p>This conversion creates a new error with a simple representation of error kind.</p>
<h5 id="examples-10"><a href="#examples-10">Examples</a></h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
<span class="kw">let </span>not_found = ErrorKind::NotFound;
<span class="kw">let </span>error = Error::from(not_found);
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="string">"entity not found"</span>, <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">"{error}"</span>));</code></pre></div>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/buffered/mod.rs.html#177">source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;W&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/io/buffered/struct.IntoInnerError.html" title="struct std::io::buffered::IntoInnerError">IntoInnerError</a>&lt;W&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-2" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/buffered/mod.rs.html#178">source</a><a href="#method.from-2" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(iie: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/io/buffered/struct.IntoInnerError.html" title="struct std::io::buffered::IntoInnerError">IntoInnerError</a>&lt;W&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#79">source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.NulError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::NulError">NulError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/std/io/error.rs.html#81">source</a><a href="#method.from-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(_: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.NulError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::NulError">NulError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Converts a <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.NulError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::NulError"><code>alloc::ffi::NulError</code></a> into a <a href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error"><code>Error</code></a>.</p>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="synthetic-implementations" class="section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<a href="#synthetic-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="synthetic-implementations-list"><section id="impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-Error" class="impl"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Send-for-Error" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Send-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Sync-for-Error" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Sync-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Unpin-for-Error" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section><section id="impl-UnwindSafe-for-Error" class="impl"><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct futures::io::Error">Error</a></h3></section></div><h2 id="blanket-implementations" class="section-header">Blanket Implementations<a href="#blanket-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="blanket-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Any-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/any.rs.html#140">source</a><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.type_id" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/any.rs.html#141">source</a><a href="#method.type_id" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id" class="fn">type_id</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#208">source</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#210">source</a><a href="#method.borrow" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow" class="fn">borrow</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#216">source</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow_mut" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#217">source</a><a href="#method.borrow_mut" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut" class="fn">borrow_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;mut T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#763">source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for T</h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-3" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#766">source</a><a href="#method.from-3" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(t: T) -&gt; T</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the argument unchanged.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#747-749">source</a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#756">source</a><a href="#method.into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into" class="fn">into</a>(self) -&gt; U</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>U::from(self)</code>.</p>
<p>That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of
<code><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for U</code> chooses to do.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-ToString-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2600">source</a><a href="#impl-ToString-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html" title="trait alloc::string::ToString">ToString</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.to_string" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2606">source</a><a href="#method.to_string" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">default fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string" class="fn">to_string</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/string/struct.String.html" title="struct alloc::string::String">String</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts the given value to a <code>String</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#803-805">source</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a href="#associatedtype.Error-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#810">source</a><a href="#method.try_from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from" class="fn">try_from</a>(value: U) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, &lt;T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#788-790">source</a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a href="#associatedtype.Error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#795">source</a><a href="#method.try_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into" class="fn">try_into</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;U, &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details></div></section></div></main></body></html>